Intercultural Communication in Phoenix Management Services Essay Example

Intercultural Communication in Phoenix Management Services Essay Intercultural communication is known as the base for international business. This paper will analyze intercultural communication focusing on Phoenix Management Services which is an organization with multicultural people. I think I can bring strategies to increase their intercultural communication skills so that they can intermingle with other individuals from any part of the world. Literature Review I will begin by examining the history of intercultural communication and examine some of the theories by researchers. The study of intercultural communication was initiated by Edward Hall and others followed suit in the 1950’s. Hall is regarded as the founder of intercultural communication which he initiated in 1951, when he started working at the Foreign Service Institute. The Foreign Service Institute was then in charge of handling cultural information in the United States. Intercultural communication did not have any resources for use in the 1960’s (Condon Yousef, 1975). It is in the 1970’s that sources, journals and societies specializing in intercultural communication emerged. Hall looked at communication using the concept of low and high context messages depending on the importance of the context of the message. In a low context message the information in the message is explicit with no unspoken or implied information. While in the high context message most of the meaning is understood and passed on by the circumstances, relationships and non-verbal messages (Hall, 1976, Habke Sept, 1993). We will write a custom essay sample on Intercultural Communication in Phoenix Management Services specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Intercultural Communication in Phoenix Management Services specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Intercultural Communication in Phoenix Management Services specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the low context cultures, everything is communicated by explicit information while in a high context culture communication depends on the subtleness and circumstances. This theory by Hall lowers the chances of causing offense in intercultural communication for if one has a view of a culture; they are able to take measures to adjust to another culture thus improving the chances of precise communication (Hall, 1976) Other researchers who have contributed to the intercultural communication theory are William Gudykunst and Young Yum Kim. As a navy specialist deployed in Japan, Gudykunst came up with he theory on intercultural communication while training others. Kim’s interest in communication aspects of the cultural adjustments of immigrants stems from growing up in Korea and immigrating to the United States. The two focus mainly on theoretical issues on intercultural communication. They think to understand the process of intercultural communication and improve on it effectiveness, there is a need for conceptual tools to understand what is happening (Gudykunst Kim, 1997). In their theory they clearly show that all communication is in some sense intercultural. For instance the difference between one interacting with a colleague at work who shares their ethnicity and language, and their interaction with a visiting person who shares neither is not a qualitative difference, but merely a question of the degree of strangeness. This theoretical admission is important because Gudykunst and Kim downgrade ethnicity by paving the way for a distinct understanding of culture operating at every level. Gudykunst and Kim propose four categories of culture-relation influences on the communication process. There are the cultural influences which include rules, norms and values. They classify norms and rules as sets of expected behavior for particular situations (Gudykunst Kim, 1997). Socio-cultural influences which also include norms, rules and values are keyed to social roles such as an employer or doctor and not to situations. Psycho-cultural influences are those gained by our personal experience and psychological makeup and not from our culture or society. Lastly, environmental influences relate to our expectations of behavior in a given physical environment. Gudykunst and Kim contend that high and low contexts are cultural influences while ethnocentrism and prejudice are potential psychocultural influences. They observe that though one tendency such as individualism may hold at a cultural level, any individual within that culture is free to prefer collectivism. The key strength to their theory is a new concern in to incorporate research by others and to free the individual. Ron Scollon and Suzanne Wong Scollon like Gudykunst and Kim, try to set out and apply a theoretical structure for intercultural communication. Nonetheless their goals are less ambitious. They therefore focus on interaction in formal professional context. The Scollon’s focal point is discourse systems which involve four elements; a group of ideological norms, distinct socialization processes, a regular set of discourse forms, and a set of suppositions about face interactions within the discourse system. Many systems they say cut across cultural divides. For Scollon and Wong Scollon, intercultural communication is better considered interdiscourse communication. They pay attention to describing different prominent discourse systems focusing on those used in professional communication. They reckon that if we appreciate the discourse systems used by other individuals we will converse with them well. (Scollon Wong Scollon, 1995) Analysis of Phoenix Management Services The organization I have chosen to examine is Phoenix Management Services (PMS) a property management company where I recently worked. Phoenix Management Services, Inc. was started in 1996 and so far it runs more than 25,000 units in the state of Florida. I would like to be involved with this company and improve their skills and find techniques and strategies to develop skills to interact with other cultures. While at PMS I learnt that understanding the cultural differences in a company can be the distinction between professional success and failures in meeting your goals. Exceptional intercultural communication skills are vital in today’s independent world. To improve business performing and competition one should be able to communicate freely with workmates that are representing different cultures. Daily at PMS we worked with people from different cultural backgrounds with accompanying challenges and opportunities. From my experience at PMS, if communication is healthy there is a rise in productivity and this enhances performance, originality and growth of the organization. Communication is multifaceted making it difficult to convey any message which lacks fundamental cultural connotations. Disparities in culture do have a great impact on business and social communications. By PMS applying intercultural communication skills at work it has greatly improved many interactions amongst employees. Recommendations to improve communication at Phoenix Management Services The culture in which people group up in determines how they express themselves and how they communicate with others. At work, cultural stereotypes can create tensions that lower job satisfaction and productivity. Both employee and employer benefit when they confront and move beyond their prejudices (Fantino, 2006). Discarding cultural prejudices is by no means easy and it takes time and strength of mind. I think the following strategies at PMS can help increase their intercultural communication skills in order for them to interact with other individuals from any part of the world. It is important to regard all employees as equals’ in spite of their different cultural origins, thus it better to focus on their capabilities other than their cultural origins. It is important to respect personal names, call people by the name they prefer to be called, learn how to pronounce each name correctly and also the correct order in which to say it. Turning fear into curiosity is essential. Instead of being suspicious of other groups ask yourself what all of you can learn if you went beyond your differences. Steer clear of negative statements about employees from one culture. The fact that a person made a particular mistake is not an indicator that all the people from that culture are incompetent. It is also important to have an open mind when dealing with employees from different cultures rather than distorting what you know about that culture based on a preconceived view of the world. It is not proper to believe that if an employee is unable perform a articular task properly that they will not be able to do a different one well. Given a chance to prove them, they may excel in something else. On the other hand if an employee is excellent at a given task it does not necessarily mean they will do well in the next task. In intercultural communication it is important that you avoid discriminating against employees from different cultural groups. Always ensure that they wor k under favorable conditions so that they do not feel like outcasts but feel that they are part of the company. Make sure that their colleagues are aware of the company’s policy against discrimination to avoid such incidents in the organization. It is good to use appropriate language when communicating with employees from different cultures. It pays to do a little research on what language use is satisfactory in their culture to avoid being offensive when communicating with them. It is important to avoid making judgments based on the accent, timing, and pace of a person’s speech. Different ways of speaking may strike you as haughty, subservient, or even insulting. Try to view people objectively, even if their accents seem peculiar and do not make fun of them or crack uncalled for jokes about them but instead choose to appreciate their diversity. Always endeavour to clarify cultural regulations to employees from different cultural backgrounds to make communication at the work place easy. This will enable these employees understand clearly what is expected of them while working in the organization. When communicating with employees from different cultures try to observe them and if there is something that is not clear do not be afraid to ask them so that they make it clear for better understanding. Do not be quick to pass judgment upon them. Take into account English barriers when working with employees who are not fluent in English considering that maybe it is not their first language. Take necessary measures to make sure that the message being passed across is understood as intended. Bear in mind the fact that it is strenuous to think and speak in two different languages all day long especially if English is not your first language. In intercultural communication nonverbal language is essential since it expresses emotions, objectives and responses. Go an extra mile and take on the responsibility of learning nonverbal sign of different cultures and consider the message they send. The concept of time is looked at in varied ways in some cultures, therefore it is very important to be conscious of this. When faced with a dilemma of an employee’s perception of time it is proper to discuss this and come up with a mutual understanding. It is also good to adjust interpersonal space requirements, if it is deemed necessary. Depending upon cultural practices, people may feel uncomfortable when someone is either standing close by or far off. Always take note of how close they stand when they approach and follow suit. It is also vital to pay attention to how people react when someone moves close. Finally in intercultural communication it is vital to be cautious regarding physical contact. Observe how individuals from different cultural backgrounds relate with people from their own culture. Take note also of how they interact with people in authority or of different social status. It is worth noting that excellent communication skills are useful in all intercultural communication. These skills are needed today in any working environment of an organization. It is the responsibility of those involved in the work place to enhance these intercultural communication skills. Conclusion In conclusion, the best thing about intercultural communication is the way it has acculturated our thinking of communication. Intercultural communication research took no real account of culture until the initiative by Edward Hall. Now there is a wealth of research interest in the matter. This is of theoretical benefit, because anything else may be significant in communication, and however displeasing the idea of culture may be, it remains true that culture influences communication and a full theory of communication must take account of it. More importantly, research in intercultural communication has led to increasing sophisticated investigations into cultures far removed from our own. This has resulted in greater awareness, and potentially greater understanding. Understanding is the key to good intercultural communication and this is a good thing. Special challenges to intercultural relationships include coping with differences, tending to stereotypes, dealing with apprehension, and having to give details about ourselves to strangers. References Condon, J. C. Yousef, F. S. (1975). An Introduction to Intercultural communication. New York: Macmillan Fantino, A. M. (2006). Cultures at Work: Intercultural Communication in the Canadian Workplace. Edmonton, Alberta: The Muttart Foundation Gudykunst, W. B. Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Communicating with Strangers: An Approach to Intercultural Communication (3rd ed. ) New York: McGraw-Hill Habke, A. , Sept, R. (1993) Distinguishing Group and Cultural Influences in Inter-Ethnic Conflict: A Diagnostic Model. Canadian Journal Communication. University of Calgary. Retrieved from http://hoshi. cic. sfu. ca/calj/cjc/BackIssues/18. 4/sept. html Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond Culture. New York: Doubleday Scollon, R. W ong Scollon, S. (1995). Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach. Cambridge: Blackwell

The Bluest Eye essays

The Bluest Eye essays Toni Morisson's novel The Bluest Eye is about the life of the Breedlove family who resides in Lorain, Ohio, in the late 1930s. This family consists of the mother Pauline, the father Cholly, the son Sammy, and the daughter Pecola. The novel's focal point is the daughter, an eleven-year-old Black girl who is trying to conquer a bout with self-hatred. Everyday she encounters racism, not just from white people, but mostly from her own race. In their eyes she is much too dark, and the darkness of her skin somehow implies that she is inferior, and according to everyone else, her skin makes her even "uglier." She feels she can overcome this battle of self-hatred by obtaining blue eyes, but not just any blue. She wants the bluest eye. Morrison is able to use her critical eye to reveal to the reader the evil that is caused by a society that is indoctrinated by the inherent goodness and beauty of whiteness and the ugliness of blackness. She uses many different writing tools to depict how "whi te" beliefs have dominated American and African American culture. The narrative structure of The Bluest Eye is important in revealing just how pervasive and destructive social racism is. Narration in novel comes from several sources. Much of the narration comes from Claudia MacTeer as a nine year old child, but Morrison also gives the reader the insight of Claudia reflecting on the story as an adult, some first person narration from Pecola's mother, and narration by Morrison herself as an omniscient narrator. Pecola's experiences would have less meaning coming from Pecola herself because a total and complete victim would be an unreliable narrator, unwilling or unable to relate the actual circumstances of that year. Claudia, from her youthful innocence, is able to see and relate how the other characters, especially Pecola, idolize the "ideal" of beauty presented by white, blue-eyed movie stars like little Shirley Temple. In addition to narrative stru...

Causes of Financial Globalisation and Its Consequences on Developing Essay

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U08d1, u08d2, u08d3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U08d1, u08d2, u08d3 - Coursework Example The Sun is not  massive  enough to ever evolve into a black hole; it will end its life in about 4.5 billion years as a white dwarf  star. But, in case if the Sun's mass was suddenly collapsed into a black hole then Earth's orbit then if a one  solar mass  black hole were to suddenly replace the Sun at the center of our solar system, the orbits of the planets would not change. This is because the physical laws that determine the orbital motion of the Earth depend only on the actual mass of the Sun, and not on whether it is distributed within a sphere (like the Sun) or at a point (like a black hole). 2. "There are 1011 stars in the galaxy. That used to be a huge number. But it's only a hundred billion. It's less than the national deficit! We used to call them astronomical numbers. Now we should call them economical numbers." —Richard Feynman, American physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate When we think of an astronomical number – we probably think of a sum thatâ€℠¢s almost beyond human comprehension. We probably refer to huge numbers as astronomical because of the vast and seemingly infinite universe. But the universe may not be as big as it seems when compared to something like the national debt. This quote has been said towards the backhanded critique of government. Furthermore,  we can say that there are at least 100 billion galaxies in the universe and each galaxy containing around 1 trillion stars. That’s 1 x 10^23 or 100 sextillion stars in the universe. Hence this comparison is done against the size of the national deficit. It's a good point, and economics can provide some slightly more familiar analogies to people grappling with large numbers than trying to contemplate entire galaxies. The important point here is not that high finance is catching up with the sciences; it’s that the numbers we encounter everywhere in daily life are growing steadily larger. While the consumer was busy saving, the Federal U. S. governmen t was piling on debt at a much greater pace. In fact, during Q2 of 2008 Washington accumulated debt at a 24.4% annual rate! Therefore, even though households and state and local governments have hopefully begun to learn their lessons; D.C. still managed to increase the overall level of non-financial debt in the U.S. to a record $35.45 trillion.† 3. Picture of the week How are the stars formed within the nebula? What is causing these dramatic pillars? What thoughts and reactions do you have to the pictures and their descriptions? All stars are formed from nebulae (the plural of nebula). Nebula is a term for a cloud of gas, and stars form from gas. Many nebulae or stars form from the  gravitational collapse  of gas in the  interstellar medium. As the material collapses under its own weight, massive stars may form in the center, and their  ultra violet radiation ionizes  the surrounding gas, making it visible at optical  wavelengths. Star formation  is the process b y which dense parts of  molecular clouds  collapse into a ball of  plasma  to form a  star. These eerie, dark pillar-like structures are actually columns of cool interstellar hydrogen gas and dust that are also incubators for new stars. The pillars protrude from the interior wall of a dark molecular cloud like stalagmites from the floor of a cavern. They are part of the "Eagle Nebula" M16, a nearby star-forming region 7,000 light-years away in the

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Technology to Reduce Employee Stress

Technology to Reduce Employee Stress STRESS BREAKER METHODOLOGY AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS DESIGN DOCUMENT INTRODUCTION Computers are extremely proficient devices in that they help us with accomplishing more work in less time yet taking a shot at a Computers can be intense on the clients body and brain. This type of work can be stressful and can cause health issues related to brain. Stress is characterized as the bodily and intellectual reaction to intense conditions. Stress is one of the blazing issues that organizations have to deal so that employees can easily produce quality work [2]. Many researchers are of the view that stress has a negative impact on employees performance but at the same time researches have proved that some stressful work conditions are critical to keep employees productive [2]. Stress cannot be eliminated completely as it serves as a driving force if kept at a certain level, so stress needs to be managed [1]. The main focus of this article is to review the literature about the effects of stress and its consequence and how work stress can be managed by taking frequent short breaks in what way music helps to overcome work stress. The relevance review is presented here below. OBJECTIVE Fortunately, stress can be managed by taking frequent short breaks but users often forget to take breaks. As a potential solution, an application will be developed, that gently notifies users to take a break and plays users favorite music based on their consent. This application will be incredibly useful for a lot of people who often forget to take breaks and could increase their productivity. METHODOLOGY In simple terms, methodology is nothing but a system of methods used to develop Application.   The main goal of these methodologies is to make the process more predictable and efficient [11]. Software Development Process Model (SDLC) It is a process of creating or altering information systems, mythologies and models [6]. The Software Development Process Model used to develop this Application is LINEAR-SEQUENTIAL LIFE CYCLE MODEL. It is also referred to as a Waterfall Model. In recent times, the prominent methodological approaches for developing software for a computer based information system are the popular traditional linear-sequential life cycle model [4].As the name itself specifies that the Application development process will be in linear sequential flow. Waterfall model uses a linear approach and is suitable for sequential or procedural design. Fowler [2] confirms that waterfall model divides application based on activities: requirement analysis, design, coding and testing. In The Waterfall approach, complete process of Application development is divided into separate phases. Each phase must be completed before the next phase can begin and there is no overlapping in the phases. The phases involved in waterfalls model are five and they are analysis, design, implementation, testing and operation and maintenance [4]. Fig. The phases of a Waterfall Model (Adapted from Pfleeger and Atlee [4] The sequential phases involved in stress Breaker application development are: Analysis: Analysis describes that what are the requirements needed to develop software system. In general terms it refers to requirement analysis or gathering [1]. This is the first phase in which requirements are gathered from building stress breaker Application. The requirements include Functional Requirements Non- Functional Requirements A functional requirement describes the functionality of the System that is what the Application does with the computation. Use cases are a means to typically capture functional requirements in UML. USE CASE DIAGRAM Represents Dynamic behavior of the Application Use case diagram consists of Actors Use Cases Relationships USE CASE DIAGRAM FOR STRESS BREAKER APPLICATON Steps of execution 1.The user runs the application. 2. After Time event a message box will be displayed The message box contains text and buttons 3. The user can click any button based on his choice Listen music button Cancel button 4a.The user click Listen music button. User gets choice to select the music folder from his desktop Displays playlist message box User has the choice to select previous song ,Next song and Stop song 4b. User click cancel button. Message box is closed Description The user runs the application on his desktop after a specified amount of time period the application executes and display a pop-up Message box. The Message box contains a message and  two buttons. First button has text Listen music when the user selects it, he has a choice to select a  song from music folder from his system. After selecting the music folder a playlist will be displayed providing the user with three more option buttons. The first button is to play previous song. The  next button is for Next Song. Third Button is for stop song. If the user is too busy with his work  or any other important project he has a choice to cancel the message box window by using the cancel button. Functionalities in stress breaker are:   1. The Application executes and displays a pop-up Message box.   2. The Message box contains a message and two buttons. First button has text Listen music The second button is for cancelling. 3a. If the user presses the listen music button user had a choice to select any music folder in his system. 3b. After selecting Music folder user has a choice to select songs of his choice. 4. If the user clicks cancel button the message box will be closed. SYSTEM DESIGN System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining Overall system architecture. NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Unlike functional requirements Non-functional requirements place constraints on how the system will do .They refer to application non-functional properties, system qualities such as security,accuracy,performance,cost,usability,adaptability,interoperability,reliability and so on.. Typical non-functional requirements include: System information used to develop this application OS Name-Microsoft Windows 10 Pro Version-10.0.14393 Build 14393 Processor-Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-5300U CPU @ 2.30GHz, 2301 Mhz,  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   2 Core(s), 4 Logical Processor(s) Installed memory (RAM)-8.00 GB (7.88 GB usable) System type  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   -64-bit Operating System,x64-based processor State chat Diagram It describes different states of a components in an Application. State chart diagram describes the flow of control from one state to another state in an application. Implementation This phase is concerned with the physical construction of the software as set out in the design stage. Software requirements needed to develop this application are Programming language Python was chosen for the development of this Application Python 3.5 is used in implementing the code for this application. Python is a widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language [10] [9] [6]. It is fast and powerful programming language and it is portable. Python scripts can be used on different operating systems such as: Windows, Linux, UNIX, Amigo, Mac OS, etc. Python is open source .Even though all rights of this program are reserved for the Python institute, but it is open source and there is no limitation in using, changing and distributing [3]. CONSTRAIN REQUIREMENTS GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI) This application is designed using python graphical User Interface (GUI) named Tkinter. Graphical User Interface (GUI) Tkinter is a standard interface that is distributed with Python interpreter. It provides the essential tools for designing GUI. Generated GUIs are in pmw format and they have a similar look on the different platforms. Tkinter are the basic interfaces for designing GUIs in Python [3]. PYGAME MODULE In python programs, code normally contains functions and variables. So when the user quit from our interpreter, all definitions are lost. As user codes get longer, it gets very inconvenient to redefine all the values for variables. To solve this problem, the user has a solution: To support this, Python has a way to put definitions in a file and use them in a Script or in an interactive instance of the interpreter. Such a file is called a module. Module: A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements [5]. Pygame is a set of Python modules designed for writing games and multimedia. It is highly portable and can run nearly every platform and operating system [5]. In this Application pygame feature are used for playing songs. It contains an excellent function for controlling streamed audio. The music module is closely tied to pygame mixer. Here downloaded mp3 songs are converted into the OGG because mp3 support is limited. On some systems an unsupported format can crash the program [7]. INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT (IDE) IDE used to develop this Application is Pycharm. It is one of the integrated development environment (IDE) used in python programming language. Programming code used to develop this application is interpreted in pycharm. Installation process: Step1:Download python 3.5 from python official website www.python.org based on users operating system Step 2:Install it on users system Step 3:Download pygame from python binaries Location [12]. Step 4:Go to python IDLE folder and then scripts and paste the pygame files in that location Step 5:Go to command prompt type PIP install pygame Step 6: pygame is successfully installed n users computer Step 7: Go to pycharm official website [8] and download pycharm and install it. INTEGRATION AND TESTING After the implementation phase the coding is tested by using pycharm debugger and interpreter. MAINTENANCE After the delivery of the Application, a schedule maintenance and support is put into place, to ensure the Application continues to work as designed. ACCURACY AND PRECISION Since this is a desktop application there is less percentage of failure. Cost: This application is inexpensive to develop because the main requirements, develop this application that is python, pygame are open sourced. They can be downloaded for free from their official website. Usability This application is easy to use. Look and feel standards: Pycharm provides many keyboard shortcuts to run the Application F5 To run the python Application in python (IDLE) Alt+Shift+F10-To run the python Application in pycharm Alt+Shift+F9-To debug python Application in pycharm. Modifiability One good thing about python Tkinter is it has many GUI properties available that make the application even more attractive and efficient. Extra GUI properties that can be added to this application is color texts, scroll bar, bold text and many other features. Response time The response time depends on the user choice. Since, this an alert application which breaks the employee stress. The response time depends on the time set by the user. For example, if the user wish to have breaks for every 50 minutes. Then the response time of the application would be 50 minutes. That is after every 50mintues a pop up box will be displayed specifying the user to take breaks and listen the music of his choice. Activity Diagram Activity diagram is basically a flow chart to represent the flow from one activity to another activity. Processing time The processing time for this application is quick. When the user click the listen music button with in no time delay it automatically opens the folder window so that user can select music folder. When the user selects music folder, it imports all the songs from the music folder and display on the playlist. Overall performance time to run this application less than half minute, which is a very short time. Advantage The main benefit of using a waterfall model in developing stress Breaker Applications is it is inexpensive and quick. TOOLS INSTALATION STEPS TO INSTALL PYTHON3.5 In order to use Python, user must install python on his/her computer. Go to the python website www.python.org Click on the Download   menu choice Click on the Python 3.5 Once user downloaded the file , open it.(Double click it) Installation starts Click finish to exit the installer. STEPS TO INSTALL PYGAME User should make sure that his path variable includes both python directory and the scripts directory. Go to http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pygame Click and download pygame package (64bit/32bit) Go to python IDLE folder and then scripts and paste the pygame files in that location. Now user is ready to install pygame. At the command prompt, user should make sure whether he is in the same directory of python and the type pipinstallpygame: Successfully installed pygame. STEPS TO INSTALL PYCHARM Go to www.jetbrains.com Select IDE Option and select python ide for professional developers. Click on download Select the operating system. There is community and Professional edition. Based on user preference he/she can download it. It starts installing The user needs to accept the license. Successfully installed pycharm. CONCLUSION The purpose of this review was to study affirms that workload is one of the reasons for Stress that can be decreased by taking short breaks and Listing to employee choice of music. Stress cannot be completely eliminated, but can be decreased. A simple solution to this is developing an application that help users to overcome from stress by notifying them to take breaks at regular intervals and indulge them in a brain refreshing activity like listening to music. REFERENCES [1] Bennett, S., McRobb, S. Farmer, R. (2002). Object- Oriented Systems Analysis and Design Using UML Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education. [2] Fowler, M. (2004), UML Distilled a Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modelling Language, Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. [3]Masoud Nosrati, Sahneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sahneh,Python: An appropriate language for real world programming , World Applied Programming, Vol (1), No (2), June 2011. 110-117 ISSN: 2222-2510  ©2011 WAP journal. www.waprogramming.com 110 [4] Pfleeeger, S.L. Atlee, J.M. (2006). Software Engineering: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition. US: Prentice Hall. [5]Nizamuddin, Shreshth Kumar, Rishab Kumar, RESEARCH PAPER ON ENDLESS FUN, Dept. Inform Technology, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, May. 2016. [6] Rob, M.A. (2004). Issues of Structured Vs. Objectoriented Methodology of Systems Analysis and Design. Issues in Information Systems, 5 (1). [7]https://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/music.html [8]https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/ [9]Programming Language Trends OReilly Radar. Radar.oreilly.com. 2 August 2006. [10] TIOBE Software Index (2011). TIOBE Programming Community Index Python. [11]Ronald G. Wolak, System Development: Research Paper 1 SDLC on a Diet, to Nova Southeastern University, April 2001. [12]http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/python.. CONTENT This paper mainly focuses on Methodology needed to develop an Application which helps the user to come out of stress by providing breaks in regular intervals and listen to user favorite choice of music. The software development process model used to develop this application is linear sequential life cycle model. The phases involved in waterfalls model are five and they are analysis, design, implementation, testing and operation and maintenance [4]. In analysis phase all the requirements are gathering in order to develop this application. The functional requirements in stress breaker application are The Application executes and displays a pop-up Message box. The Message box contains a message and two buttons. First button has text Listen music the second button is for cancelling. If the user press the listen music button user had a choice to select any music folder in his system. After selecting Music folder user has a choice to select songs of his choice. If the user clicks cancel button the message box will be closed. In design phase all the hardware components, system requirements are listed above such a Ram capacity, operating system and processor. The operating system is Windows 10, Ram capacity is 8.00 GB and processor is Intel (R) Core (TM) i5-5300U. In third phase that is implementation phase all the software requirements that are needed to develop coding are listed such as a programming language, integrated development environment, software. Programming language is python 3.5, IDE is Pycharm, python module is a pygame. The development code is tested in pycharm IDLE. This Application is easy to maintain and inexpensive, because all the software components needed to develop this application are open sourced and can be easily downloaded and installed. So stress breaker application is easy to maintain and easy to use.

Sunspots Essay -- Essays Papers

Sunspots Our Sun continuously converts hydrogen into helium and with this process it provides the essentials for life processes. In doing this it controls â€Å"our climate, provides light, raises tides, and drives the food chain† (Schaefer 34). Our Sun also has influenced many beliefs now and in the past. History has documented Sun worshipping religions while many current societies use solar calendars (Schaefer 34). Because the Sun is so influential, imperfections of the Sun, such as sunspots will continue to impact life on Earth. The discovery of sunspots is correlated with the invention of the telescope in 1608, although there are earlier recordings of sunspot like activity from China (Schaefer 35). Galileo was one of the astronomers who decided to publish his findings and use sunspots in one of his theories of Chief World Systems (Schaefer 35-6). Today many patterns including real estate sales to fluctuations in the climate have been attributed to the cycle of sunspots. These fluctuations may be an explanation of the decline of Sun worship in India due the increased sunspot activity during the time of the Medieval Maximum. Throughtout history these fluctuations have been omens (e.g. a slave revolutionists incited a riot when he interpreted the site of a large black area on the Sun as the black taking over the white) (Schaefer 38). There are also modern examples of solar fluctuations affecting the Earth like the delayed launch of the Hubble Telescope (Schaefer 38) and the disruptions in electrical and radio technology during solar flares due to increased activity of sunspots at the last solar maximum in 1989. Sunspots are the most apparent features on the Sun’s surface or photosphere. Anyone could use a filter such as a welder’s helmet to observe groups of sunspots. A sunspot consists of two regions, the umbra and the penumbra. The temperature of the umbra can be as low as 4,000 K and the penumbra that surrounds the umbra has a temperature of about 5,500 K which contrasts to the photospheric temperature of 6,000 K. The difference in temperatures makes the sunspots appear dark against the brightness of the photosphere (Nicolson 123). A sunspot’s average size is comparable with the Earth. They form in regions of concentrated magnetic fields. These fields hamper the flow of energyn to the affected area. The magnetic fields on... .... This project will hopefully enable scientists to learn more about sunspots and other properties of the Sun. Understanding more about sunspots, their cycle, radiation, and magnetic properties will facilitate scientists to unlock the mysterious workings of the Sun. With today’s technology this understanding will come more quickly. Knowledge of sunspots may lead us to be able to predict when solar activity could affect the Earth like it did during the solar max in 1989. Information like this could eventually allow us to be able to protect ourselves from solar radiation. Works Cited â€Å"Analyzing Variation in the Sun’s Radiation†. USA Today. 26 2637 (1998) : 11-12. Nehru, K.V.K. Glimpses Into the Structure of the Sun—Part 1 The Nature of Stellar Matter. March 22, 2001. . Nehru, K.V.K. Glimpses Into the Structure of the Sun—Part 2 The Solar Interior and the Sunspot. March 22, 2001. Nicolson, Iain. Unfolding Our Universe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 123-4; 276+ Philips, Tony Dr. â€Å"The Sun Does a Flip.† SpaceScience. Feb. 15, 2001. March 19, 2001. . Schaefer, Bradley E. â€Å"Sunspots that changed the World.† Sky & Telescope. 93.4 (1997). 34-38.

Critical evaluation †blood brothers Essay

The play did not open with the curtain going up but instead with the lights going up. My seat was in the gallery, which is quite high up, but after I got over the sense of vertigo my view of the play was fine. I could not see the gantry at the back of the stage or the very front of the stage, but very little of the action took place in these areas. The play was written in the early 1960’s by the Liverpudlian playwright Willy Russell and was first performed in the early 1980’s. The play is a ‘slice of life’, or an impression of life starting in Liverpool in the early 1960’s through until the 1980’s, of poor working class families. The play combines music and song with narrative. The set of Blood Brothers consisted of, on either side of the stage a row of terraced house fronts. At the back of the stage there was a gantry which was used by the narrator and once by Mrs. Johnston when she sang a song that was an overview of the action that had just taken place, there was a countryside backcloth with two moveable ‘brick wall’ flats which moved across to cover this. The set was very appropriate for the play, it combined well with the ‘slice of life’. The props were minimalist and brought on stage by the actors. There were four moveable flats, two that slid across the floor and two that came down from the ceiling. All the costumes and fixings were appropriate for the era of the play, they worked well together producing a realistic setting. The play opens with the twin brothers, lying down on stretchers and then being carried away. The narrator then informs the audience of the events that have just happened and then the play begins. The play is about Mrs. Johnston, a working class mother of seven children who after her husband has left her for a younger woman discovers she is pregnant with twins. Mrs. Johnston is a cleaner who works for a middle class couple, Mr. and Mrs. Lyons. Mrs. Johnston tells Mrs. Lyons of her predicament and so Mrs. Lyons who can not have children of her own and whose husband has gone away on business for six months offers to take one of the twins for herself and bring him up as her own. After some persuasion Mrs. Johnston gives one of the boys to Mrs. Lyons. She finds it difficult to keep Mrs. Johnston on as her cleaner because she can see that there is a bond between mother and child and so fires her. Several years pass, the boys are now seven, nearly eight, they meet when out playing, become great friends and ‘Blood Brothers’. Both Mrs. Johnston and Mrs. Lyons try to keep the boys apart but are unable to do so. In a desperate attempt to separate the boys the Lyons move to a house in the country well away from Mickey and the estate where the Johnston’s live. A few years later the council decide to demolish the estate where the Johnston’s live and relocate the families to the countryside close to where the Lyons now live. Mickey has a girlfriend, Linda, a girl he has known since childhood. One day when they are out walking they come across Eddie, (Mickey’s twin), and rekindle their friendship. The twins are now sixteen years old and their friendship continues to grow until it is time for Eddie to gone away to university. However Eddie declares his love for Linda before leaving but she continues her relationship with Mickey and soon falls pregnant with his child and so they marry and move into Mickey’s home. Mickey’s older brother, Sammy, gets into trouble and Mickey agrees to help him out but instead ends up taking the fall for Sammy killing a man and goes to prison for seven years. During this time he becomes depressed and withdrawn from Linda. She turns to Eddie for support and they soon become emotionally attached. When Eddie’s mother becomes aware of the romance she tells Mickey who, now out of prison, goes to Eddie’s work place. Mrs. Johnston now feels she must tell the boys that they are brothers but this is too much for Mickey to understand in his present mental state, distressed and confused he shoots Eddie. Just as Mickey is doing this a policeman takes aim and fires killing Mickey. Both men are dead. On the whole the script and the play were very good. At first it took a little time to get in to the play but it soon flowed naturally. The play held the audience’s interest by the use of the narrator who appeared on the stage behind the action and would burst into song. A lot of information was given on the characters through the use of song, so the audience received much of the necessary information without realising it. The part of Mrs. Johnston was played by the singer and actress Dennis Nolan. Ms. Nolan described the history of her character through the song ‘Just like Marilyn Monroe’. Her story is not extraordinary or uncommon. A girl from a Roman Catholic working class family who falls in love with a young man who takes her dancing and says she ‘looks a lot like Marilyn Monroe’. Romance soon fades once the babies start arriving. Possibly because of her faith, which would have instilled a belief that children are a blessing, she soon has a large family and her husband begins to look elsewhere for what he first found attractive in his wife. He begins to go dancing with a girl who he says ‘looks a lot like Marilyn Monroe’. When he leaves home Mrs. Johnston discovers she is pregnant with the twins of the story. This is when the events that lead up to the final tragedy really begin. Mickey is the twin that Mrs. Johnston kept. He grows up in this very poor working class family but as a child is mainly happy and full of mischief. He does not expect an easy life and accepts who he is and what his future will be. He does not expect to go to university like his friend Eddie because in his mind and at this time it was usually only children from better off families who went. Mickey would have been happy to work and bring up his children in a working class family. It is unemployment and bad choices that take away his pride and his future. He becomes very depressed, feels worthless and finally sees his marriage fall apart. The actor who played Mickey had to act the part of a child through to an adult, his mannerisms were very good and his gestures appropriate for the different ages. When he was seven Mickey acted and moved as if he was seven and when he was twenty he acted and moved like a twenty year old. His voice changed as well, it moved from a high quick voice to a deeper more solemn one. Linda is the childhood friend of Mrs. Johnston’s children and especially of Mickey. The two children grow up together, play together and become girl and boyfriend. This relationship is threatened by Linda’s attraction to Eddie, Mickey’s twin, but although she realises that it is Eddie that she loves she does not end her relationship with Mickey. When Eddie goes away to university she becomes pregnant with Mickey’s child and marries him. Linda’s role in the play is huge, it is her relationship with Eddie which finally destroys Mickey and leads to the final tragedy. The play contained quite a lot of swearing but this was only used to aid the script and made it more realistic. At the end of the play many people in the audience were in tears which showed how good the performances had been. As a straight play this would have been a very sad story of some very hard lives but because the story is told partly in song the mood is much lighter. It shows that there can be laughter in even the most difficult of lives, but also how our own upbringing, superstitions and prejudices can make our lives more complicated and more difficult.

Wicca and Witchcraft essays

Wicca and Witchcraft essays Much of the knowledge about witchcraft is a combination of archeological data, passed down myths, and some translated historical documents. Wicca is overall a very flexible religion, representing people from many paths and backgrounds. Its not only a religion but also a way of life. At the simplest level, Wicca is a religion that embraces nature, individualism, and magic. No one can say for certain what the ancestors really did, or why (Walker 1, Kettler 1). After the Thirteenth Century, people began believing that magic was from the devil, and witches were bonded with Satan. Satan is a Christian creation of a fallen angel. Wiccans are not Christian; do not worship a Christian god, or a Christian devil. For the most part, there is no deity of ultimate evil in the Wiccan belief structure. Oppression against religious movements is as old as recorded religion. The Crusades, Christian martyrdom, the destruction of the Cathar and other "heretics", anti-Semitic actions, and the burning of African-American churches in the southern region of the United States, all reflect oppressive and sometimes genocidal acts against members of differing religious groups. Many witches, the lowest number being in the thousands, were burned at the stake, and put to death. It was not until the Eighteenth Century that the witch-hunts ended. The last big outbreak was the famous Salem Witch Trials. If one were to assume that hatred of witches is a thing of the past, one would be sadly mistaken. One has only to look as far as the media portrayal of witches and other pagans. There are those today who are convinced that the Neo-pagan movement is directed by Satan in a deliberate ploy to destroy good Christians (Baker 1-3). The Development of Wicca in the United States started in the early nineteenth century. A new natural religion gradually evolved. It gathered momentum in the mid-Twentieth Century with the Neo-Pagan movement, considered t...

Offensive and Otherwise Inappropriate German Words

Offensive and Otherwise Inappropriate German Words Warning: This article may contain  examples of the following language: unanstndig  dirty, obscene, indecent; improper, rude, ill-manneredunanstndige Wà ¶rter gebrauchen  Ã‚  to use four-letter words, bad languagedie Unanstndigkeit  (-en)  dirty joke, obscenityUnanstndigkeiten erzhlen  Ã‚  to tell dirty jokes You may find some of the words and expressions  contained in this German  glossary objectionable.  As with English, most should  only to be used when and if you really know what youre doing. This article isnt explicitly (ha) meant to promote the use of these expressions, but to arm you with information. As  Goethe  said, a lack of knowledge can be a dangerous thing.   Cursing and Swearing  (das Fluchen) While most swear words in English are sexual or have to do with your parentage, German leans more towards the scatological (having to do with excrement or feces). Although Germans sometimes borrow  the English f-word, the German version is rarely used in swearing. German terms roughly equal to American bullsh or British bollocks include:   der BockmistScheiß redenScheiße!Quatsch mit Soße Donnerwetter!  Darn it! Zum Donnerwetter!  , it depends on the tone of your voice and how it is said. As an interjection of acknowledgment, it is more like My word! You dont say. die Drecksau/der Dreckskerl  filthy swine, bastard die Hà ¶lle  hell   Ã‚  Ã‚  Fahr zur Hà ¶lle!   Go to hell!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Zur Hà ¶lle mit...   To hell with...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sie machte ihm das Leben zur Hà ¶lle.   She made his life a living hell. NOTE: Avoid anglicisms like  was in der Hà ¶lle!  Most English hell expressions are Teufel expressions in German. Der Mist  is a mild German word meaning dung, manure, or rubbish/nonsense. However, when used in some compound words (der Mistkerl,  das Miststà ¼ck), it is no longer fit for polite society! der Mistkerl  bastard, dirty swinedas Miststà ¼ck  bastard (m.), bitch (f.) verdammt  damned, bloody Verdammt!   Damn!/DammitVerdammt noch mal!   Damn it all!/Damn it to hell!/Bloody hell! (Br.)Verdammter Mist!   Goddamn it!/Sod it! (Br.) verflucht!  damn! Verflucht noch mal!   For chrissake!/Goddamn it! der Scheiß  /  die Scheiße Variations of this German word [literally, sh, crap, damn, bloody (Br.)] are so ubiquitous as to warrant an entire section of its own.  It is important to know that the German and English versions of the s-word are not always equal. The English subtitles of German movies often mistranslate the German expletive  Scheiße!  Its use in German is frequently closer to English Damn! or Dammit! To say This town really sucks, you could say:  Diese Stadt ist echt Scheiße.  Although it sometimes isnt as strong a curse word as English Sh! that doesnt mean you should casually use  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Scheiße!  in German. An expression such as  Dieses Scheißauto!  could mean This f-ing car! or This damned car! - depending on how it is said and by whom.   Scheiß-  prefix  lousy, shty, bloody (Br.), crappy, damned (thing).  This prefix, like its cousin above, often should be translated as damned (thing), or something more mild than you might think. For instance, when a German says  So ein Scheißwetter!, it only means that the weather is really bad: Such awful weather! By the same token,  Diese Scheißpolitiker!  means These damned politicians! (a universal complaint).   scheißegal  adj.  of no damned importanceDas ist mir  (doch)  scheißegal!  I dont (really) give a damn/f-/sh (about that)!scheißen  to sh, crapDu scheißt mich an!  Youre sh-in me!/Youre a pain in the ass!Ich scheiß drauf!  I dont give a damn/f-/sh (about that)!der Scheißkerl  bastard, son-of-a-bitch, motherf-er Obscene Hand Gestures While we dont include inappropriate gestures in this glossary, you should know that some hand signs or gestures are universal, but others are not. In some parts of the world, the American OK sign (finger and thumb forming an O) is an insult having to do with a body orifice. If a German taps his/her forehead with the index finger in someones direction, that is a bad thing (meaning the other person is an idiot), and punishable by a fine if a policeman sees it or someone files charges. Sexual Terms and Body Parts Many of the terms in this glossary relate to human sexuality. Some of them have a double meaning that you should be aware of. If you refer to an animals tail in German (der Schwanz), thats OK, but you should also know that the same term is a crude way of referring to the male sex organ. The German verb  blasen  can have many of the same multiple meanings that blow has in English. But if you want to enjoy a good German erotic novel, youll find some of that vocabulary here as well. blasen  Ã‚  to blow (fellatio) jemandem einen blasen   to go down on s.o., do fallatioSie hat ihm einen geblasen.   She gave him a... ficken  Ã‚  to fk, have sex (vulgar),  mit jemandem ficken   to fk s.o. NOTE:  The German forms of  ficken  are used only in a sexual sense. Most English fs: Fk him!   Der kann mich doch am Arsch lecken!; This f-ing car!   Dieses Scheißauto!; We were just f-ing with you.   Wir haben dich nur verarscht.; Fk off!   Verpiss dich! geil  horny.  This word (along with  supergeil) has become slang for cool or great in German.  Das ist ja geil!   Thats really cool! die Eier  (pl.)  balls, nuts (lit.  eggs) einhandsegeln  (teen slang)  to jerk off, wank, spank the monkey einparken  (teen slang)  to have sex, get laid, bang die Kiste  boobs, tits; (big) buttDie hat ne große Kiste.   Shes got big tits.Note: In some regions, this can mean a big butt rather than boobs. knallen  to bang, screw der Knutschfleck  (-en)  hickie, love bite The Bottom Line der Arsch   ass, arse; butt.am Arsch der Welt in the middle of nowhere, in a Godforsaken holeam/im Arsch sein to be screwed upDas geht mir am Arsch vorbei! I dont give a sh (about that)!in den Arsch gehen to get screwed upDu kannst mich! (am Arsch lecken) You can kiss my ass!Leck mich am Arsch! Kiss my ass!/F- off!Setz deinen Arsch in Bewegung! Get your ass in gear!er Arschkriecher/der Arschlecker (-)  ass-kisser, brown-nosedas Arschloch  a-holeder Po  bottom, behind, butt kommen  to come, have an orgasm der/das Kondom  condom.  Also known by many slang terms:  Gummi,  Pariser, etc. die Mà ¶pse  (pl.)  tits, boobs pissen  to piss, pee.   sich verpissen   to piss off, f- off der Sack  (Scke)  bag, sac, sack; scrotum, balls (testicles); bastard, bugger, sod ein fauler Sack  a lazy bum, lazy bastard/bugger (degree of harshness depends on circumstances/tone of voice)eine faule Socke  a lazy bum (less harsh than fauler Sack) die Sau  sow, bitch, bastard.  alte Landsau  stupid old bitch, dumb bastard (lit., old country sow).  Also see Schwein below!  In German, words related to the pig (sow, swine) fill in for English terms of illegitimacy (bastard, son-of-a..., etc.).   Sau-  prefix  bloody, damn, lousydie Sauarbeit  damned/bloody/lousy workdas Sauwetter  damned/bloody/lousy weather die Scham  shame; private parts, genitals, vulva (fem.) das Schamhaar  pubic hair scharf  hot, horny, sexually aroused Ich bin scharf auf ihn.  I have the hots for him. die Scheide  Ã‚  vagina.  The  Rammstein  song lyric bis der Tod der Scheide is a play on this word and the phrase bis der Tod euch scheidet (till death you do part) in their song Du hast. See  full lyrics. der Schwanz, die  Schwnze, das  Schwnzchen (diminutive)  tail, slang for penis das Schwein  pig, bastard, son of a bitch, swine.  This is one of the worst words in German! NEVER use it (or its compounds) unless you know what youre doing, and probably not even then! Ironically,  Schwein haben  means to be lucky:  Wir haben Schwein gehabt.   We were lucky. (We came out smelling like a rose.) Schweine:  So eine Schweinerei!  How disgusting!/What a dirty trick! der Strich  prostitution; red-light district.  auf den Strich gehen  to be a prostitute, ply her / his wares der Teufel  devil Zum Teufel!   Dammit!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wer zum Teufel hat das gemacht?   Who the hell did that?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Der Teufel soll mich holen, wenn...   Ill be damned if...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Geh zum Teufel!   Go to hell!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hol dich der Teufel!   Go to hell!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scher dich zum Teufel!   Go to hell!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Der Teufel wird los sein.   The sts gonna hit the fan. All hells gonna break lose. ​die Unaussprechlichen  (pl.)  ones unmentionables (humorous) die Zuckerstange  (slang)  penis (candy cane) German Slang Terms for Masturbation Lest you think that German has an abnormally large number of terms for masturbation,  let me point out that English does as well. sich abzapfenaus dem Handgelenk schà ¼ttelnden Fleischtopf rà ¼hrenden Schimmel schà ¼ttelnden Trumpf in die Hand nehmendie Hnde in den Schoß legendie Ladung là ¶schen, entsaftendie HandmassageHuptling Schnelle Vorhauthobelnkrumme Finger machenOld Schà ¼ttelhandsein eigenes Sà ¼ppchen kochenselbst ist der Mannsich einen runterholensich einen von der Palme schà ¼ttelnsich entschleimensich Luft machenTaschenbillarddas ÃÅ"bel an der Wurzel packenwichsen Derogatory Terms for  Other People  (Xenophobia,  der Auslnderhass) Like English and other languages, German  has many derogatory and insulting terms for groups of people most of which, not surprisingly, should be avoided at all times.  Some Germans, Austrians, and Swiss, particularly members of right-wing (rechtsextreme), neo-Nazi, or other hate groups, express their dislike of foreigners and other enemy categories (leftists, women, gays) with derogatory German slang terms. Because of their inflammatory nature, we have included only a few terms here, but others are easy enough to find elsewhere online. Of interest, the simple German phrase Im proud to be a German â€Å"Ich bin stolz, ein Deutscher zu sein.† is considered a typical German right-wing slogan.  While in many countries, such a statement is considered normal and patriotic, in Germany it has overtones going back to the Nazi era.   Other phrases associated with right-wing extremist groups include the following: der Hitlergruß: Nazi salute (Hitler salute).  A right-wing symbol of neo-Nazi groups such as the skinheads in Germany. Any display of Nazi symbols, the swastika, Nazi flags, or Nazi-related regalia is against the law in Germany.Unarische  non-AryansUndeutsche  un-GermansRotfaschisten  red fascistsZecken  ticks, blood-suckersRechte  (Rightists)Faschos  fascistsGlatzen  skinheads (baldies)Neonazis  neo-NazisRechtsextremisten  extreme right-wingersSkinheads  skinheadsUnrechtssystem  unjustice systemUnterrassen  sub-racesweißer Spiesser  WASP (White Anglo-Saxon Protestant) More Insults Subkulturen  (Subcultures, e.g., Punks, Goths, etc.)Dekadente  decadentsAsseln/Assis/Asoziale  asocialsVertreter der Wirtschaft  (Business People)Kapital- und Politbonzen  capitalistic and political fat-catsLinke  (Leftists)der Piefke  (PEEF-kah)  Kraut, Heini, Jerry (German person).  Austrians use this word as a disparaging term for a German, somewhat like the Mexican use of gringo for an American. Even in Germany, a  Piefke  is a pompous idiot, so it is not a word to be used lightly.  Ein kleiner Piefke  is a little pipsqueak. Bodily Functions der Pups  fartfurzen  to fart, cut onepupsen  to cut one, fartdie Kacke  caca, crap, sh. Example:  dann ist aber die Kacke am Dampfen.  | Then the sh will really hit the fan.die Flitzerkacke  (teen slang)  the shs, diarrhea (der Durchfall)kacken  to crap, poop, sh

The reasons for price drop of crude oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The reasons for price drop of crude oil - Essay Example Crude futures declined in the recent past on concerns global oversupply is hurriedly  filling oil stocks. Total petroleum output in the year 2015 is expected to go up to 9.35 million barrels every day, slightly more than the 9.3 million barrels daily forecast in the previous period, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) said last week in its monthly short-term energy outlook. Independently, oil stocks went up more than anticipated marking the several consecutive week of a higher overall than at any other time for the last 80 years and more. The American commercial crude oil stocks rose by appoxialely4.5 million barrels from the previous week, the EIA said Wednesday. Another reason weighing on oil price is the OPEC. The U.S. oil output could be adversely affected in the years due to low oil prices offered by the OPEC countries. In addition, the lower global oil prices may have affected the marginal barrel output from other sources, such as shale, OPEC said.  The OPEC body controls a significant percentage of the world’s fuel production. As such, any decision they make directly affect the market prices of the commodity. In this case, the petroleum trading block may take actions targeting their competitors. Such actions may include flooding the market with the commodity leading to market forces coming into play and hence price decline. America has been in the frontline in the war against terrorism. As such, the country has formulated various policies aimed at reducing terrorism. Such policies have been affected towards Iran and Tehran for their alleged involvement in nuclear weapon manufacturing. In this case, the two countries are prohibited from placing their products in major global markets. However, USA and the two countries have signed several deals that have seen the reintroduction of petroleum product from two nations. In this case, the total global supplies increase prompting the market forces to push the prices

Introduction to Managerial Accounting Research Paper

Introduction to Managerial Accounting - Research Paper Example In addition, what price should be charged to the product to replace the production costs and earn a profit that is optimal? In addition, they have to plan how to finance the operations and how to manage the available cash. That is important in keeping the activities of the business to work smoothly. Â · Decision making. Managers need managerial accounting information when they decide whether or not to commence a certain project. Managerial accounting will help them compare the benefits of various opportunities and help them decide which ones to choose. Â · Performance measurement. Managers have to compare the budgeted figures to evaluate the performance of the business to actual results of the operation. They will have to use certain techniques of managerial accounting such as standard costing to assess the performance of various departments (Weygandt, Kieso, & Kimmel, 2010). Managerial accountants keep record financial information for their firms that are used by the management team of the company to aid in the process of decision-making. Managerial accountants do develop budgets, perform asset, cost management, and create necessary reports to be used by the Directorate team. In every company managers to significantly depend on the data provided by managerial accountants to develop business strategies that are effective. Owners of small business make most of the decisions within their company. The data offered by managerial accountants can affect the liability of the owner to make business decisions that are sound (Weygandt, Kieso, & Kimmel, 2010). The main purpose of managerial accounting in business is to support decision making by collecting, processing, and communicating helpful information that would assist the managers. The information would help the managers to plan, control, and evaluate the processes of the business and strategy of the company (Albrecht, 2007).